Clearing the Air: Buildings’ Role in Battling Indoor Pathogens
The lessons of recent years have made one thing clear: we must put preparedness at the forefront when it comes to public health threats. “We can’t afford to wait for the next pandemic to seek out the best countermeasures to remain safe in our indoor environments,” said Dr. Johnathan Fielding, former Director of the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, noting that “the rapid spread and global toll of [the COVID-19] pandemic is a deadly example of lack of imagination on possible scenarios of inadequate planning” as quoted in Prevention and Preparedness, Resilience and Recovery: An IWBI Special Report.
Pathogens—whether bacteria, viruses or fungi—move quickly through air, water, surfaces and human contact. Buildings, particularly those with poor indoor air quality (IAQ), can act as major transmission hubs. Poor IAQ not only fuels the spread of harmful microorganisms but can also compromise people’s health, leading to absenteeism, reduced productivity and an overall decline in occupant well-being.
“We know that many health threats are invisible, including the quality of the air we’re breathing inside our buildings. Enhancing indoor air quality is critical to safeguarding public health,” said Daryl DeJean, Vice President of Product Development of PathogenFocus, echoing the health imperative of prioritizing readiness. “We need to be prepared for whatever is in our path, and that comes from proactive planning and protection.” PathogenFogus has emerged as a key player in mitigating the spread of harmful microorganisms, like viruses and bacteria, in both air and on surfaces. Their work aligns with current public health needs, offering technologies that provide stronger defense mechanisms against pathogens.
The Role of Smart Design
WELL has long focused on designing healthier indoor environments, with a strong emphasis on air and water quality, cleaning practices and building design that keeps occupant health front and center. One of the key strategies in pathogen mitigation is to rethink how our buildings are designed and operated. Improving indoor air quality is critical. HVAC systems, which are often used to recirculate air, can inadvertently contribute to the spread of pathogens like COVID-19 if not properly maintained. Redesigning these systems with improved filtration and limiting air recirculation can significantly reduce the risk of airborne transmission.
“These types of strategies can help lower the incidence of respiratory illnesses and foodborne diseases, promoting healthier indoor environments and occupant well-being," added DeJean.
Beyond HVAC upgrades, enhancing ventilation is another crucial step. The pandemic has renewed interest in operable windows, which allow more fresh air to enter indoor spaces, reducing the concentration of airborne pathogens. New buildings are being designed with more operable windows and mechanical systems that optimize air flow. Smart ventilation systems, which combine natural and mechanical air circulation, are gaining traction as well, particularly in offices, schools, and other high-traffic areas.
IWBI’s Works with WELL initiative explores solutions for air treatment, mold control and continuous disinfection. These advances go beyond older systems, offering more comprehensive ways to make indoor spaces healthier and more resilient. Imagine entering a building where the air is constantly filtered, and surfaces are automatically sanitized—it’s no longer a distant goal but a growing reality, thanks to the progress made in this field.
“Building design has long played a role in the history of public health and the fight against infectious diseases,” said Nathan Stodola, IWBI Chief Engineer, in the 2021 Special Report. “This has led to transformative changes including improved ventilation standards, access to nature and hygiene practices.”
By focusing on these forward-looking strategies, buildings can become not only safer but also more adaptable to future health risks. As IWBI continues to push the envelope with advanced technologies and forward-thinking design strategies, the future of indoor health is bright.
